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Complementary pronouns
Rules for the position of complementary pronouns
Direct complements: le, la, les, l’, en
EN is CD when it pronominalizes a noun introduced by a partitive determiner (de la, de l’, des).
Example: I'm eating pizza = I'm eating what? pizza (part of the pizza) = I'm eating it.
Indirect complements: him, their, en, y, te, me, se
EN is ci when it pronominalizes a group that begins with DE and is ordered by the verb.
Example: I doubt your honesty = I doubt something = I’at doubt.
Y is this when it cannot be moved to the beginning of the sentence (if it sounds like Yoda in Star Wars then it cannot be moved).
Example: I drop off the book on the table = I'm putting the book there (You put something on top of something.)
I can't say: On the table I put the book = Yoda in Star Wars so “on the table” is a "ci" and can be replaced by "Y".
Formulas
Subject the + verb
Subject the + him + verb
Subject the + him + him at + verb
Subject y + verb
Subject y + more verb
Subject the + y + verb
Subject me + verb /
Subject me + le + verb /
Subject m’ + more verb
Exercises
1) Transform the groups that are repeated with another word or group of words.
The truckers drove their truck all the way to British Columbia. The drivers slept in their truck for two nights. It was cold in their truck so the drivers ordered decaffeinated coffee to warm up.
The drivers drank some decaffeinated coffee before finally going to bed. The drivers' boss contacted the drivers to find out when they would be arriving at the delivery address. The drivers told their boss that they would arrive at the delivery address at suppertime.
The truckers drove their trucks all the way to British Columbia. They slept for two nights. He y was cold so they ordered decaffeinated coffee to warm up.
They at had a few drinks before finally going to bed. Their boss the contacteds to find out when they were about to arrive at their destination. They him replied that they would arrive at the delivery address by suppertime.
2) Change the words in bold type into pronouns and place them in the right order in the sentences. Explain the choice of pronouns and their position.
1. Office assistants often share information to help each other.
They share what? information = CD introduced by “des”.”
We pronominalise de CD by AT = Office assistants often share them to help each other.
2. Newsletters provide information.
They provide what? information = CD introduced by “the”.”
We pronominalise de CD by LES = They can be obtained via newsletters.
3. I saw incorrect information on my company's Facebook page.
1) What did I see? Incorrect information = CD introduced by “a”.”
We pronominalise de CD by AT - keep the “one” after the verb and remove the rest of the noun phrase= I saw one.
2) I saw a piece of information on what? on the Facebook page = this is introduced by the preposition “on”.”
We pronominalise ci with Y = I saw a piece of misinformation there.
3) The order of complementary pronouns:
Subject + Y + EN + verb + one
Final answer: I spotted one.
4. You have sent the letter to the customer by registered post.
1) What did you send? the letter = CD introduced by “la”.”
We pronominalise de CD by la/l’
2) Who did you send the letter to? the customer
Pronominalise ci with him
Final answer: You the him sent by registered post.
5. The Human Resources Director explains the collective agreement to this new employee.
1) The director explains what? the collective agreement = CD introduced by “the”.”
We pronominalise de CD by la/l’
2) The manager explains the collective agreement to whom? to this new employee
Pronominalise ci with him
Final answer: Director of Human Resources the him explains.
3) Put the complements in the right order.
him the
in him
y me
the te
in him
the y
- him
- him in
- me y
- the
- it
- the y
